Executive summary

Bangladesh’s strategic location between the Himalayas and the Bay of Bengal exposes it to a multitude of climate risks. The convergence of major rivers like the Jamuna, Padma, and Meghna in this densely populated delta only amplifies the country’s susceptibility to extreme weather events. Over the past two decades, Bangladesh has experienced a significant number of heatwaves, tropical cyclones, floods, and droughts, solidifying its position as one of the most climate-vulnerable nations in the world.

Through the implementation of government adaptation policies and the active participation of local initiatives, numerous lives have been saved, and the most devastating consequences of climate change have been averted. Bangladesh has gained global acclaim for its leadership in adaptation and resilience efforts. As early as 2005, Bangladesh became one of the pioneering least developed countries to establish a national adaptation program of action. This significant milestone has paved the way for the introduction of other ambitious policy initiatives, such as the Bangladesh Delta Plan, the Mujib Climate Prosperity Plan, and the National Adaptation Plan (2023–2050).